# Partner: Tax ID ***227678**

**Tax ID (CPF):** `***227678**` — 60 distinct people share these visible digits.

_The Federal Revenue only publishes the six middle digits of a CPF, so distinct people may share the same visible digits._

Pick the person to see their companies:


## [ADILSON SINCOTTO RUFATO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ADILSON+SINCOTTO+RUFATO)

- [ANDRADE RUFATO SERVICOS EMPRESARIAIS S/C LTDA](/en/cnpj/04428296) — Sócio-Gerente — since 2001-04-27 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [AMADO ABDUNI](/en/cpf/227678?nome=AMADO+ABDUNI)

- [ALIKA CONFECCOES E COMERCIO LTDA](/en/cnpj/71712798) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1993-06-25 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [ANA CLAUDIA BARONI ALIPIO VALENTE](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ANA+CLAUDIA+BARONI+ALIPIO+VALENTE)

- [BARSI LOGISTICA E TRANSPORTES LTDA](/en/cnpj/57052822) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2024-08-28 — HORTOLANDIA/SP


## [ANTONIO JOSE DOS SANTOS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ANTONIO+JOSE+DOS+SANTOS)

- [BENJAMIM REPRESENTACOES COMERCIAIS LTDA](/en/cnpj/62979117) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1990-05-16 — IRACEMAPOLIS/SP


## [ARIADINI DE CASSIA ROMEIRO FRANCA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ARIADINI+DE+CASSIA+ROMEIRO+FRANCA)

- [ARIADINI DE CASSIA ROMEIRO FRANCA ESTETICA AVANCADA LTDA](/en/cnpj/65413198) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2026-02-26 — SUMARE/SP


## [BENEDITO FERREIRA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=BENEDITO+FERREIRA)

- [ALPHAUNA EMPREENDIMENTO IMOBILIARIO SOCIEDADE DE PROPOSITO ESPECIFICO LTDA.](/en/cnpj/11522733) — Sócio — since 2024-01-03 — SAO SEBASTIAO/SP
- [ALVES & FERREIRA LTDA](/en/cnpj/20211482) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2014-05-06 — BOMBINHAS/SC
- [BASALTO EMPREENDIMENTOS IMOBILIARIOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/24555504) — since 2016-04-08 — BOMBINHAS/SC
- [EXPORT NEGOCIOS IMOBILIARIOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/72674518) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1993-07-29 — SANTOS/SP


## [BRUNO FERREIRA MAGALHAES](/en/cpf/227678?nome=BRUNO+FERREIRA+MAGALHAES)

- [IEB BRASIL INTERCAMBIO E GESTAO EDUCACIONAL LTDA](/en/cnpj/33475793) — Sócio — since 2019-04-26 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [IEB BRASIL EDUCACAO E INTERCAMBIO LTDA](/en/cnpj/34253503) — Sócio — since 2019-07-18 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [2GO EDUCATION CO. INTERCAMBIO LTDA](/en/cnpj/35231339) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2019-10-18 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [CARLOS EDUARDO NUNES](/en/cpf/227678?nome=CARLOS+EDUARDO+NUNES)

- [C E NUNES SERVICOS E MANUTENCAO LTDA](/en/cnpj/21385593) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2022-07-22 — MOGI GUACU/SP


## [CAROLINE MEIRELES ICHIKAWA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=CAROLINE+MEIRELES+ICHIKAWA)

- [CLINICA MEDICA SHINHE ICHIKAWA LTDA](/en/cnpj/25424510) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2016-08-09 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [CELSO LUIZ DE OLIVEIRA RIZZO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=CELSO+LUIZ+DE+OLIVEIRA+RIZZO)

- [ITRANS - ITU VISTORIA VEICULAR LTDA](/en/cnpj/10704986) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2012-11-12 — ITU/SP
- [ASSOCIACAO DOS JOVENS ESPORTISTAS DE ITU - AJEITO](/en/cnpj/10853468) — Presidente — since 2009-05-06 — ITU/SP
- [ASSOCIACAO DOS ADVOGADOS DESPORTIVISTAS DO BRASIL](/en/cnpj/12419170) — Presidente — since 2010-08-04 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [RESTAURANTE E PIZZARIA SANTA MARIA LTDA.](/en/cnpj/27067856) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2017-02-09 — ITU/SP
- [CICARMATI COM DE FERRAG TINTAS E MATS P CONSTRUCAO LTDA](/en/cnpj/61915807) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2004-07-13 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [CLAUDIA RIBELA FERNANDES MACHADO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=CLAUDIA+RIBELA+FERNANDES+MACHADO)

- [C&M - INFORMATICA LTDA](/en/cnpj/03893873) — Sócio — since 2000-06-23 — CURITIBA/PR


## [CLAUDIO ANTONIO DEL PASSO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=CLAUDIO+ANTONIO+DEL+PASSO)

- [EMBALT INDUSTRIA E COMERCIO DE EMBALAGENS LTDA](/en/cnpj/60762226) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1989-06-15 — OSASCO/SP


## [CRISTINA MORAIS ASSENCIO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=CRISTINA+MORAIS+ASSENCIO)

- [MENTALITE NUCLEO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO LTDA](/en/cnpj/53379563) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2025-02-03 — SAO BERNARDO DO CAMPO/SP


## [EDUARDO KLEIN RIBEIRO DE BARROS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=EDUARDO+KLEIN+RIBEIRO+DE+BARROS)

- [FLAMBOYAM AGROPECUARIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/07792413) — Sócio Menor (Assistido/Representado) — since 2025-11-27 — IACANGA/SP
- [AGRO PECUARIA RIBEIRO DE BARROS LTDA](/en/cnpj/50778745) — Sócio Menor (Assistido/Representado) — since 2025-12-19 — IACANGA/SP


## [ENZO RUAN COSTA DE OLIVEIRA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ENZO+RUAN+COSTA+DE+OLIVEIRA)

- [MAPA SAFE ADMINISTRACAO E PARTICIPACOES LTDA](/en/cnpj/62689429) — Sócio Menor (Assistido/Representado) — since 2025-12-05 — SANTANA DE PARNAIBA/SP


## [EVA PEREIRA GOMES](/en/cpf/227678?nome=EVA+PEREIRA+GOMES)

- [MACPG SERVICOS DE ESCRITORIO LTDA](/en/cnpj/07416213) — Sócio — since 2005-05-30 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [EVALDO SCHUINDT](/en/cpf/227678?nome=EVALDO+SCHUINDT)

- [ODK INTEGRADORA ELETRICA LTDA](/en/cnpj/42186709) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2021-06-02 — BIRIGUI/SP


## [EVELI BRANCO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=EVELI+BRANCO)

- [SYSPRINT EDITORACAO E COPIAS S/C LTDA](/en/cnpj/00645446) — Sócio — since 1999-01-20 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [GABRIEL MARTINS DA SILVA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=GABRIEL+MARTINS+DA+SILVA)

- [AGM TECNOLOGIA E SERVICOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/14639300) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2025-01-06 — SAO BERNARDO DO CAMPO/SP


## [HIGOR SARMENTO MATEUS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=HIGOR+SARMENTO+MATEUS)

- [ATHENAS GRILL PETISCARIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/35496506) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2025-12-01 — OSVALDO CRUZ/SP


## [HORACIO TOSHIKAZU YABASE](/en/cpf/227678?nome=HORACIO+TOSHIKAZU+YABASE)

- [KIN SUSHI RESTAURANTE LTDA](/en/cnpj/14793578) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2011-12-21 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [ILDEFONSO CARNEIRO NOVAES](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ILDEFONSO+CARNEIRO+NOVAES)

- [NOVAES SERVICE TRANSPORTE E LOCACAO LTDA](/en/cnpj/13467552) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2015-01-06 — GUARULHOS/SP
- [COOPER PROGRESSO - COOPERATIVA DE SERVICOS DE TRANSPORTES](/en/cnpj/14404652) — Presidente — since 2014-03-17 — GUARULHOS/SP
- [COOPERAZUL COOPERATIVA DE TRANSPORTES INTERMODAIS BRASILEIRA](/en/cnpj/18157936) — Diretor — since 2025-03-31 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [IRANI APARECIDA DE OLIVEIRA DOS SANTOS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=IRANI+APARECIDA+DE+OLIVEIRA+DOS+SANTOS)

- [ASSEMBLEIA DE DEUS FILADELFIA](/en/cnpj/31947421) — since 2018-09-04 — INDAIATUBA/SP


## [ITALO RIAN DOS SANTOS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ITALO+RIAN+DOS+SANTOS)

- [PORTAL FINANCEIRO DE PAGAMENTOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/55881099) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2024-07-10 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [IZABEL CRISTINA ALVES DE CAMARGO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=IZABEL+CRISTINA+ALVES+DE+CAMARGO)

- [ELEKTRIZA ENGENHARIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/08869482) — Sócio — since 2007-05-21 — DIADEMA/SP
- [IGREJA SEMENTE BENDITA DO SENHOR](/en/cnpj/15139005) — Presidente — since 2012-02-17 — DIADEMA/SP


## [JAIRA MIGUEL CORREA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=JAIRA+MIGUEL+CORREA)

- [CORREA MONTAGENS DE EQUIPAMENTOS INDUSTRIAIS S/C LTDA](/en/cnpj/03997828) — Sócio — since 2000-07-21 — SAO BERNARDO DO CAMPO/SP
- [SC MONTAGENS E CALDEIRARIA INDUSTRIAL LTDA - MASSA FALIDA](/en/cnpj/14121380) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2015-02-11 — BELA VISTA DE GOIAS/GO


## [JANE MOHANA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=JANE+MOHANA)

- [MOHANA & NOVAES LTDA](/en/cnpj/00166540) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2000-05-15 — SAO VICENTE/SP


## [JAQUELINE CAMPOS PIRES](/en/cpf/227678?nome=JAQUELINE+CAMPOS+PIRES)

- [DOCES PASSOS CHINELOS & ACESSORIOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/09431608) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2008-03-13 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [JORGE SHIGUEMI HOSAKA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=JORGE+SHIGUEMI+HOSAKA)

- [HOSAKA & HOSAKA COMERCIO DE ALIMENTOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/07348482) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2005-04-28 — LONDRINA/PR


## [JOSE HELIO MONTANHEZ](/en/cpf/227678?nome=JOSE+HELIO+MONTANHEZ)

- [MONTANHEZ ENGENHARIA & CONSULTORIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/07265618) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2005-03-09 — ITATIBA/SP


## [JOSE IVAN DUARTE](/en/cpf/227678?nome=JOSE+IVAN+DUARTE)

- [OFICINA DE COSTURA MONTE SIAO LTDA.](/en/cnpj/10373463) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2003-07-31 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [JUDITH MELENDRES BITENCOURT KRUSS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=JUDITH+MELENDRES+BITENCOURT+KRUSS)

- [ENGEPROJET SISTEMAS E AUTOMACAO LTDA](/en/cnpj/58673542) — Sócio — since 1988-02-04 — SAO BERNARDO DO CAMPO/SP


## [KARLA DE LISNEY FERNANDES ROSOLEN](/en/cpf/227678?nome=KARLA+DE+LISNEY+FERNANDES+ROSOLEN)

- [PRIMAC MANUTENCAO DE EMPILHADEIRAS LTDA](/en/cnpj/03525694) — Sócio — since 2006-07-14 — SANTO ANDRE/SP
- [RESIBEL AMBIENTAL INDUSTRIA E COMERCIO LTDA](/en/cnpj/26925171) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2017-01-23 — BELA VISTA DO PARAISO/PR


## [KATHIA LOPES DOMINGUES NANNI DE CARVALHO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=KATHIA+LOPES+DOMINGUES+NANNI+DE+CARVALHO)

- [LUCAS NANNI SERVICOS MEDICOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/55261610) — Sócio — since 2024-05-24 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [LARS BERTIL EKSTROM](/en/cpf/227678?nome=LARS+BERTIL+EKSTROM)

- [SAT-7 BRASIL](/en/cnpj/29242686) — Diretor — since 2017-12-07 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [SOCIEDADE MISSIONARIA BATISTA INDEPENDENTE](/en/cnpj/92989086) — Presidente — since 2009-01-29 — CAMPINAS/SP


## [LETICIA TARJINO GUERRA GOMES DE OLIVEIRA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=LETICIA+TARJINO+GUERRA+GOMES+DE+OLIVEIRA)

- [ESTUDIO LETICIA TARJINO LTDA](/en/cnpj/36644765) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2024-04-15 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [LIDIA BUZALSKI HEIDERICH](/en/cpf/227678?nome=LIDIA+BUZALSKI+HEIDERICH)

- [LIDIA HEIDERICH ODONTOLOGIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/65418288) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2026-03-02 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [LUIS DAVID OLIVEIRA BEZERRA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=LUIS+DAVID+OLIVEIRA+BEZERRA)

- [LUIS DAVID OLIVEIRA BEZERRA  LTDA](/en/cnpj/13384005) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2024-09-06 — PARNAMIRIM/RN


## [MARCOS DE BRITO SANTIAGO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=MARCOS+DE+BRITO+SANTIAGO)

- [HELPMED SAUDE LTDA](/en/cnpj/04770650) — Sócio — since 2024-07-04 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [DE BRITO ASSESSORIA E AUDITORIA MEDICA LTDA](/en/cnpj/53461874) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2024-01-11 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [MARIA DE LOURDES DAMASO DA MATA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=MARIA+DE+LOURDES+DAMASO+DA+MATA)

- [SCM SERVICOS PREVIDENCIARIOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/06206391) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2003-08-05 — SUMARE/SP


## [MARIA SILVIA CABRERA VARGAS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=MARIA+SILVIA+CABRERA+VARGAS)

- [ACESSO APERFEICOAMENTO EDUCACIONAL E CONSULTORIA EM EDUCACAO LTDA.](/en/cnpj/09050838) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2007-08-28 — SAO JOSE DO RIO PRETO/SP


## [MARIO SARDILLI](/en/cpf/227678?nome=MARIO+SARDILLI)

- [MERCADINHO SANSEI-OSASCO LTDA](/en/cnpj/00027412) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1994-06-27 — OSASCO/SP
- [LIMA LIMAO BAZAR E PAPELARIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/08948752) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2013-05-22 — OSASCO/SP


## [ODETE PORCELI DOS SANTOS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ODETE+PORCELI+DOS+SANTOS)

- [D & A PORCELI REPRESENTACAO COMERCIAL LTDA](/en/cnpj/21610669) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2018-08-14 — SAO BERNARDO DO CAMPO/SP


## [ODILIA FERNANDA BARBOSA COELHO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ODILIA+FERNANDA+BARBOSA+COELHO)

- [JOSE COELHO & CIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/55997860) — Sócio — since 1996-06-01 — MAUA/SP


## [OZIEL MOREIRA NETO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=OZIEL+MOREIRA+NETO)

- [FORTITORI DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SOFTWARE LTDA](/en/cnpj/03916197) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2000-07-06 — ASSIS/SP


## [PAULA ROBERTA DIAZ WEGE](/en/cpf/227678?nome=PAULA+ROBERTA+DIAZ+WEGE)

- [PAIXOES BRASILEIRAS CAFETERIA E ACAITERIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/52249709) — Sócio — since 2023-09-20 — ATIBAIA/SP


## [PAULO GABRIEL MACEDO](/en/cpf/227678?nome=PAULO+GABRIEL+MACEDO)

- [RIMA COMUNICACAO VISUAL LTDA](/en/cnpj/27345450) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2022-06-29 — GUARULHOS/SP


## [PEDRO HAENNI ZIMERMAN](/en/cpf/227678?nome=PEDRO+HAENNI+ZIMERMAN)

- [ZIMERMAN PARTICIPACOES E INVESTIMENTOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/14456616) — Sócio — since 2019-08-26 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [MUSEU DO LIVRO ESQUECIDO LTDA](/en/cnpj/55780442) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2024-07-03 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [PIETRO MACHICAO PERRUCCI](/en/cpf/227678?nome=PIETRO+MACHICAO+PERRUCCI)

- [PM SERVICOS LTDA](/en/cnpj/53695436) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2024-01-29 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [MARESIAS BEACH HOUSE GESTAO E PARTICIPACOES LTDA](/en/cnpj/63631897) — Sócio — since 2025-11-12 — SAO SEBASTIAO/SP


## [RAMZI MOURAD](/en/cpf/227678?nome=RAMZI+MOURAD)

- [TRAM COMERCIO LTDA](/en/cnpj/40600030) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2022-08-18 — SANTO ANDRE/SP
- [TECELAGEM OMARTEX LTDA](/en/cnpj/61090593) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2014-07-03 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [RAPHAEL ALEXANDRE SILVA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=RAPHAEL+ALEXANDRE+SILVA)

- [BOJAR TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMACAO LTDA.](/en/cnpj/22043743) — Sócio — since 2015-03-13 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [BOJAR TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMACAO LTDA](/en/cnpj/30963840) — Sócio — since 2018-07-18 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [RAQUEL DA SILVA BOGAZ](/en/cpf/227678?nome=RAQUEL+DA+SILVA+BOGAZ)

- [GOSMARTER TECNOLOGIA E INOVACAO LTDA](/en/cnpj/59657722) — Sócio — since 2025-02-25 — SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS/SP


## [RENAN SANTOS GAMA DA CUNHA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=RENAN+SANTOS+GAMA+DA+CUNHA)

- [GAMA E CUNHA REPRESENTACOES SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS LTDA.](/en/cnpj/02955161) — Sócio — since 1999-04-09 — SAO JOSE DOS CAMPOS/SP


## [ROBERTO THEODORO LEITE](/en/cpf/227678?nome=ROBERTO+THEODORO+LEITE)

- [ATIBAIA PRESTADORA DE SERVICOS S/C LTDA](/en/cnpj/03287636) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1998-10-28 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [RECOVER CORRETORA DE SEGUROS LTDA](/en/cnpj/05228935) — since 2002-07-30 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [RECOVER COMERCIAL IMPORTADORA E EXPORTADORA LTDA.](/en/cnpj/07160400) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2018-02-05 — SAO PAULO/SP
- [ATIBAIA PRESTADORA DE SERVICOS S/C LTDA](/en/cnpj/53409538) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1996-08-15 — EMBU-GUACU/SP
- [FASTRADE COMERCIAL IMPORTADORA E EXPORTADORA LTDA](/en/cnpj/66770173) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1991-08-23 — CARAPICUIBA/SP
- [JARINU CORRETORA DE SEGUROS S/C LTDA](/en/cnpj/96494356) — Sócio-Gerente — since 1996-07-24 — BARUERI/SP


## [RONALDO PEREIRA DOS SANTOS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=RONALDO+PEREIRA+DOS+SANTOS)

- [ROGERIO PEREIRA DOS SANTOS E OUTRO](/en/cnpj/08424484) — Produtor Rural — since 2006-11-09 — ITABERA/SP


## [SONIA MARIA DESIE MASSON](/en/cpf/227678?nome=SONIA+MARIA+DESIE+MASSON)

- [MASSON ADMINISTRADORA E CORRETORA DE SEGUROS LTDA](/en/cnpj/96347604) — Sócio — since 1993-03-08 — RIBEIRAO PRETO/SP


## [STEPHAN REITZ](/en/cpf/227678?nome=STEPHAN+REITZ)

- [TAVERNA DA COSTELA LTDA](/en/cnpj/17106871) — Sócio — since 2014-01-06 — FLORIANOPOLIS/SC


## [TIAGO MARQUES DE FARIAS](/en/cpf/227678?nome=TIAGO+MARQUES+DE+FARIAS)

- [T.M.F SERVICOS DE ENGENHARIA LTDA](/en/cnpj/53288823) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2023-12-22 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [TIEKO HAYASHIDA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=TIEKO+HAYASHIDA)

- [SOM WIND INDUSTRIA DE INSTRUMENTOS MUSICAIS LTDA](/en/cnpj/00484232) — Sócio — since 1996-11-11 — TABOAO DA SERRA/SP
- [SEIYDDO INDUSTRIA DE INSTRUMENTOS MUSICAIS LTDA](/en/cnpj/64072689) — Sócio-Administrador — since 1996-11-21 — SAO PAULO/SP


## [UBIRATAN LINS DA MATTA](/en/cpf/227678?nome=UBIRATAN+LINS+DA+MATTA)

- [LINSILVA CONFECCOES LTDA](/en/cnpj/06118472) — Sócio — since 2004-02-19 — CAMPINAS/SP
- [LINSILVA CONFECCOES LTDA](/en/cnpj/07824967) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2006-01-31 — CAMPINAS/SP
- [MSS MATTA SOUZA E SILVA ARRUELAS E FITAS METALICAS PERFURADAS LTDA](/en/cnpj/54976177) — Sócio-Administrador — since 2024-05-02 — CAMPINAS/SP



**Em português:** [Partner ***227678**](/pt/cpf/227678)
**JSON version:** https://api.dadosbrasil.net/api/v1/partners/227678/companies

_Data from Receita Federal, refreshed monthly._